A ganglion is nothing more than a group of cells, each responding individually to stimuli through chemoreceptors in its membrane. Same goes for each of us. At the root, none of it is any more esoteric than that.Xanzo said:I don't think it's accurate to lump together the response to simple stimulus, such as an amoeba would, and the response to pain as a tarantula would.
The ameoba only reacts due to chemical receptors on the cell membrane. A tarantula reacts to pain which has been interpreted by the ganglion.
Maybe it would be helpful to think of the individual neurons as binary switches. A binary switch is profoundly simple. But put enough of them together interacting in the proper manner, and you have a computer. Neat, hey? But it requires a critical mass, an amplification of many orders of magnitude to achieve such a gestalt. To deepen the analogy, let's say that a bacterium is composed of a very few of these switches, 50 or so. Not very complicated.....maybe roughly on par with a zener diode-based rectifier or something. Then what is a tarantula, metaphorically? A calculator? No probably not even that. An early digital watch, maybe. A veritable infinity away from a contemporary computer. And even the fanciest computers can't touch the human intellect, right? I might argue that nothing which is not capable of grasping the concept of pain or suffering, or cruelty, is susceptible to any of those things.
What about a monkey? I say yes. Pain and suffering are possible. A dog? A cat? A bird? My instinct is again yes for all of these. A mouse? A fish? Well.....now I am less sure. You see, there is a large gray area here, and our current picture of integrative neurophysiology is not advanced enough to make the call in many such cases. I think we know enough, though, to place invertebrates, even cephalopods, well outside the boundaries of this gray area with respect to the very human concepts of pain, suffering, and cruelty.
Rourke