My grubs (Xylotrupes gideon) are dying and I don't know why, help?

Piine

Arachnopeon
Joined
Apr 1, 2021
Messages
6
Prerequisite information;
Around nine(9) months ago I purchased eleven(11) Rhino Beetle grubs (Xylotrupes gideon), one was DOA, so I've had ten(10) for around nine(9) months. These were purchased from "Australian Insect Farm", which is pretty much the only source of Rhino beetles I've found here in Aus.
Each grub has it's own container, approx.12cm(5") squared containers. Their substrate consists of coco peat (organic, nothing but coco) and compost which is heavily plant material, from our food garden, and leaves.
I make sure to top up their food source (the compost) when I notice there isn't much left, and I change out around half their whole substrate every month or two or just when I notice there is a lot of frass. I make sure their substrate is not dry often and I mist their enclosures when I notice it get too dry.

The issue;
I've noticed some of my grubs getting significantly smaller and becoming yellow and "shrivelled", that is to say they are not round and plump like they used to be, I'd say the most one has shrunk is probably about 60% from it's largest size, I'm uncertain of whether shrinking is normal because I've never owned grubs before but I feel as if it might be of concern, two of these shrunken grubs have died and there is very likely a third, the reason that sparked this post, it seems somewhat freshly dead and I can't 100% tell, there is no signs of movement when I lightly brush the hairs on it with my finger, usually it would move at that, but I am letting it sit until I'm very certain it is dead. The two dead ones were very similar, no signs of response when touching them, I left them and let them sit until they became black and rock solid, and then let them sit for another two weeks after that just to make sure, as again, I've never owned beetles and wanted to at least give them enough time to make sure this wasn't pupating, I could still be wrong (Small note here; I went back and checked my care guide at the very end of this all before I posted and they do say it can take up to 6 weeks to pupate so they very well could have been but I haven't been able to find any information on them getting smaller before doing so) The two dead ones are gone (put into the garden somewhere) and I will be holding onto this third possible dead one for a while (Note again; I'll keep it for 7-8 weeks just to extra extra sure unless someone tells me otherwise).
As a note, I did mess up in January and let their substrate dry out a little too much, not completely but a lot. Not sure if that would effect them too much since half of them are still fine at this moment.

I have two grubs that are looking very healthy (plump and big) at the moment and two that I'm quite worried about as they are showing similar signs to the two/three that have "died", the others I'm uncertain of at this stage as they are not huge in size but they are not getting small and shrivelled like the others. I wish I had taken photos of what the two "dead" ones looked like, we'll see what happens with the third and I may update with photos.

TL;DR: Some of my grubs are shrinking, becoming yellow and shrivelled, and then dying(?). I'm caring for them as I've been told by many sources, including the information I was given by the seller. This is the first time I've owned inverts and I don't know what I'm doing wrong or if this is just how it is sometimes.

If anyone has any idea what could be going on and shed some light on this beetle newbie it would be very much appreciated. I'm honestly all around pretty upset as I really love beetles and was hoping to at least have some.
 

Beetles

Arachnosquire
Joined
Mar 25, 2018
Messages
91
Do you know what what larval instar they were when you got them? The sound like they need to pupate.
 

Piine

Arachnopeon
Joined
Apr 1, 2021
Messages
6
Do you know what what larval instar they were when you got them? The sound like they need to pupate.
I've no clue what instar they were in when I recieved them as I'm new to all this, I do feel like they're very close to needing to pupate as this is the time of year that adults start becoming available.
 

Piine

Arachnopeon
Joined
Apr 1, 2021
Messages
6
Could you post pics?
I don't have photos of the ones I assumed were dead as I had thrown them into our garden assuming they were dead. This was some weeks ago, the third I assume is dead or pupating is still here, I'm going to leave it for a lot longer thn the others.

However,
Here is a gallery of all my grubs a week after I had gotten them

And here are some comparison photos showing what I mean by they are shrinking.



 

Beetles

Arachnosquire
Joined
Mar 25, 2018
Messages
91
I guess if you could find it try offering rotting wood. And for they ones we assume are gonna pupate you can create pupal cells.
 

Piine

Arachnopeon
Joined
Apr 1, 2021
Messages
6
I guess if you could find it try offering rotting wood. And for they ones we assume are gonna pupate you can create pupal cells.
I'll have a look around for some rotting wood, they do have decaying leaf matter that I had just put in tonight, I have given them rotting wood befote, that was around a month or two ago.

How would I go about creating cells? Do I just dig a divot in their substrate?

Thanks for your help, I really appreciate it :)
 

Beetles

Arachnosquire
Joined
Mar 25, 2018
Messages
91
Your welcome.

For the pupal cells I just create a oval shape in the substrate a bit bigger than the larva, then moisten and smooth it out.

You can also use a material called floral foam and scoop out a divet, moisten than smooth.
 

Piine

Arachnopeon
Joined
Apr 1, 2021
Messages
6
An update, I believe my grubs are dead. Here is a photo as to what most of them are starting to look like. One I found was completely decaying and the few that look like this have a decaying smell to them. I'm honestly quite shattered and heartbroken over it all and I don't know what I can do to save my remaining healthy looking grubs.
I also found flies in some of their containers which i'm now clearing out old substrate and adding extra measures to prevent flies again.
 

Albireo Wulfbooper

Arachnoprince
Joined
Aug 1, 2019
Messages
1,604
Don't these beetle larvae require a large amount of rotting hardwood? It sounds like your substrate might not have been appropriate for them. I've never heard of people using compost and coco fibre for them.
 

Piine

Arachnopeon
Joined
Apr 1, 2021
Messages
6
Don't these beetle larvae require a large amount of rotting hardwood? It sounds like your substrate might not have been appropriate for them. I've never heard of people using compost and coco fibre for them.
I belueve that might be the case, I have supplied my remaining grubs with large chunks of wood and lots of oak leaves so hopefully that makes the difference. I'll be sourcing some more rotting wood for them asap.

I may have sadly got my infirmation a little muddled with other species or just had outdated and vague information.

Thanks for your insight!
 
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