Latrodectus Everything

programmatic

Arachnopeon
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Hi, I'm new here (and to arachnid science/study/research and care) . I'm still wading through as many of the widow/button spider posts as I can yield through searches here. I have a good idea now of who the main contributors related to true widows are at this point and would like to take a moment to acknowledge the valuable set of information and insight you've all taken the time to share so far. Thank you- it helps newbies like me get up to speed on the basics, quickly.

I figured I would start this thread given that I think I will have an on-going series of questions that may be beneficial for others as well. If there is a thread like this already that I've missed, please let me know. I'll start by telling my story of how I recently became fascinated by black widows and then end with my current main curiosities.

Last week, a friend told me how he had a lot of black widows at his house in the San Francisco Bay Area. He didn't seem to care. He sent me a picture and they looked brown. In my naïveté, I immediately exclaimed to him that he was wrong and that this was a brown widow. I didn't yet know that males and even immature females were brown. I also didn't know that significant brown widow population likely isn't yet established in Northern California (could be wrong? didn't research too deeply on this).

I told him to bring me one in a smaller sauce container with a clear lid and I would learn to identify it under microscope. Surprisingly, there was an enormous amount of misinformation regarding black widows and correctly identifying them. I finally came across a great article on how to discern black vs brown widows: https://cisr.ucr.edu/invasive-species/how-identify-brown-widow-spiders - Attached one of my microscope shots of what I believe was an immature female (didn't have knobby pedipalps). Sadly, it died shortly after capture, so I pinned it and was able to analyze more carefully. Anyway, of course, I promptly apologized to my friend. He told me there were many more around his yard. So I visited him later that evening and quickly found he wasn't exaggerating. I was amazed at how many were strategically located in every spot you might expect this species of spider to be, given what we know about their behavior. A true undisturbed “infestation” living in peaceful harmony with humans. It was kind of beautiful.

I collected a few so that I could continue my interest in their unique behaviors and movements on webs through observation. Made them good homes based on what I read here. That's the gist of my story.

My two main questions right now are:

1. As one of the collected was exploring its new home and establishing its web, I noticed it drop itself down to the substrate, walk around a bit, and then "pull itself back" to the top of a branch at an angle as if it had an on-demand bungee cord type action with minor directional control from its silk line. It happened in a split second. I found this movement fascinating. I read some spiders will use elasticity in their to-ground silk lines to capture prey, but I can't seem to find much on this particular "traversal" method.

2. What is the healthiest food to be feeding them?
 

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The Snark

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Welcome to Arachnoboards. Lots of people here with expertise in Widows.

1. As one of the collected was exploring its new home and establishing its web, I noticed it drop itself down to the substrate, walk around a bit, and then "pull itself back" to the top of a branch at an angle as if it had an on-demand bungee cord type action with minor directional control from its silk line. It happened in a split second. I found this movement fascinating. I read some spiders will use elasticity in their to-ground silk lines to capture prey, but I can't seem to find much on this particular "traversal" method.
The latrodectus web is unique, Essentially as you saw, a random assortment of mostly vertical threads. This basically equates to it's work and living room which it negotiates quite capably. Then if you look closely it adds usually three additional vertical lines with the sticky substance on them. These lines often reach the entire height of the web and are the traps. Yes, just three. The rest of the web is it's sensory apparatus and protection. Their vision is very poor. And then there will always be a hide of some sort in the darkest location off to one side.

Glad you found Rick Vetter. The spider man of UCR and a go to for the facts, especially of indigenous spiders of California. https://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=2345

I'll leave it to others as to what food and all the details.

PS
I found this movement fascinating. I read some spiders will use elasticity in their to-ground silk lines to capture prey, but I can't seem to find much on this particular "traversal" method.
It's a refined form of levitation. You really should study how and what they are doing. Latrodectus has a very sophisticated set of claws. IMHO, complimentary to the extraordinary silk they produce. If you spend some time watching them closely they are simply manipulating and climbing the web, but sometimes so deft and quick they do at times appear to levitate.
 
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darkness975

Latrodectus
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It is refreshing to hear about a healthy population of native L. hesperus. Unfortunately the non native L. geometricus has out competed them in some areas and I fear for the future of our native Widows.

I feed mine larval mealworms and crickets since that is what I have on hand for feeders. I don't use the mealworm adult beetles unless I cripple their heads first as they can significantly fight back.
 

programmatic

Arachnopeon
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Aug 21, 2021
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Welcome to Arachnoboards. Lots of people here with expertise in Widows.

The latrodectus web is unique, Essentially as you saw, a random assortment of mostly vertical threads. This basically equates to it's work and living room which it negotiates quite capably. Then if you look closely it adds usually three additional vertical lines with the sticky substance on them. These lines often reach the entire height of the web and are the traps. Yes, just three. The rest of the web is it's sensory apparatus and protection. Their vision is very poor. And then there will always be a hide of some sort in the darkest location off to one side.

Glad you found Rick Vetter. The spider man of UCR and a go to for the facts, especially of indigenous spiders of California. https://ucanr.edu/?facultyid=2345

I'll leave it to others as to what food and all the details.

PS It's a refined form of levitation. You really should study how and what they are doing. Latrodectus has a very sophisticated set of claws. IMHO, complimentary to the extraordinary silk they produce. If you spend some time watching them closely they are simply manipulating and climbing the web, but sometimes so deft and quick they do at times appear to levitate.
I appreciate the welcome, and the info.

What you said about their web work is definitely in line with what I've read so far and have observed directly. However, the bungee-like behavior I described did not involve any leg work throughout 2/3rds of the path. In reading a bit more, it's beginning to make sense to me that this particular movement might have been the spider utilizing elasticity as a safety mechanism. Given it was exploring its new environment, I think it must have stretched a line and then let go of the tension to rubberband itself back to nearly the top of the anchor point, rather than setting a trap line as it normally might. It was amazing. I'm hoping to get this on video some day.

And yes, glad you told me Rick Vetter's name! Looks like he's done incredible work, and indeed that originally-linked article about brown widow identification was really well-done.

It is refreshing to hear about a healthy population of native L. hesperus. Unfortunately the non native L. geometricus has out competed them in some areas and I fear for the future of our native Widows.
I have been reading about the encroachment of L. geometricus! I know it's mostly becoming an issue in Southern California, but in the north- East Bay Area -there does seem to be a healthy population of L. hesperus. Quite a few of my friends have been telling me about their sightings at their homes. And at my last place, I've seen the paper bag-like textured egg sacs. No signs of brown widows yet.

Right now at my new place, I'm mostly seeing what I think are Steatoda grossa. A lot of them. And I believe they're aggressive toward the true widows. Hopefully together with the inevitable brown widow population growth, they don't compound the issue.

I feed mine larval mealworms and crickets since that is what I have on hand for feeders. I don't use the mealworm adult beetles unless I cripple their heads first as they can significantly fight back.
Yes thank you, this seems common- I guess I was just wondering if there was any anecdotal information on what seems to be "healthiest" for them. I've been having issues with crickets putting off a really bad smell after discarded- which I think I read in a prior post of yours that you might have experienced as well.

I'm thinking about creating an acrylic case that is taller than what is normally available. Maybe 2 feet worth of area to be webbed, then an additional 6" that can't be accessible for ease of maintenance/feeding without disturbing their silk. This way, I can increase the prey and play area, and potentially encourage some behavior not often directly seen. Thoughts?

Any true widow owners passing through- I'd love to see your enclosures.
 

The Snark

Dumpster Fire of the Gods
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In reading a bit more, it's beginning to make sense to me that this particular movement might have been the spider utilizing elasticity as a safety mechanism. Given it was exploring its new environment, I think it must have stretched a line and then let go of the tension to rubberband itself back to nearly the top of the anchor point, rather than setting a trap line as it normally might. It was amazing. I'm hoping to get this on video some day.
A video would certainly be welcome. As for their silk, I'm a dunce. I believe they have 6 unique silks, something that I have read somewhere. and one of the silks is weight wise stronger than Aramid fiber. So I'd be interested in reading any info on their silks and the use. I vaguely recall something about one spider's particular silk that can be stretched over 50 times the length the spider has (extruded? Ejected?). Not sure if that was about the Latro tribe though.
 

programmatic

Arachnopeon
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A video would certainly be welcome. As for their silk, I'm a dunce. I believe they have 6 unique silks, something that I have read somewhere. and one of the silks is weight wise stronger than Aramid fiber. So I'd be interested in reading any info on their silks and the use. I vaguely recall something about one spider's particular silk that can be stretched over 50 times the length the spider has (extruded? Ejected?). Not sure if that was about the Latro tribe though.
Yes I've read there are 7 glands:
"The glands in western black widows each produce different kinds of silk: The major and minor ampullate glands manufacture dragline and scaffolding silk; the tubuliform gland synthesizes egg case silk; the aggregate gland makes glue silk; the aciniform gland synthesizes prey wrapping and egg-case threads; the pyriform glands produce silk that sticks onto surfaces; and the flageliform has an unclear function in this species."
From: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/video-extract-silk-glands-black-widow/

I find it incredibly fascinating that even now that scientists fully understand the protein and gene makeup of each silk gland, that the limiting factor in developing a true comparative dragline synthetic is the inability to yet understand (from my cursory research) the precise nanoscale processes of the glands and spinning duct. Apparently, this on-the-fly process is where the magic happens and needs to be accurately recreated before we can begin harnessing the power of similar protein concoctions for industrial use.

Okay, related to my diet question, I stumbled across an excellent paper regarding the effects of urbanization and diet on L. hesperus: PLASTICITY OF THE RED HOURGLASS IN FEMALE WESTERN BLACK WIDOW SPIDERS (LATRODECTUS HESPERUS): URBAN ECOLOGICAL VARIATION, CONDITION-DEPENDENCE, AND ADAPTIVE FUNCTION

Not that my interest in diet was related to manipulation of the color, but it is worth reading regardless, IMO. Ton of other really interesting information within.

Edit: Summary of Theresa Gburek's above research, published in 2017 by her and her colleagues: https://www.researchgate.net/public...condition-dependence-of-the-red-hourglass.pdf

Attached an interesting excerpt.
 

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darkness975

Latrodectus
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I appreciate the welcome, and the info.

What you said about their web work is definitely in line with what I've read so far and have observed directly. However, the bungee-like behavior I described did not involve any leg work throughout 2/3rds of the path. In reading a bit more, it's beginning to make sense to me that this particular movement might have been the spider utilizing elasticity as a safety mechanism. Given it was exploring its new environment, I think it must have stretched a line and then let go of the tension to rubberband itself back to nearly the top of the anchor point, rather than setting a trap line as it normally might. It was amazing. I'm hoping to get this on video some day.

And yes, glad you told me Rick Vetter's name! Looks like he's done incredible work, and indeed that originally-linked article about brown widow identification was really well-done.



I have been reading about the encroachment of L. geometricus! I know it's mostly becoming an issue in Southern California, but in the north- East Bay Area -there does seem to be a healthy population of L. hesperus. Quite a few of my friends have been telling me about their sightings at their homes. And at my last place, I've seen the paper bag-like textured egg sacs. No signs of brown widows yet.

Right now at my new place, I'm mostly seeing what I think are Steatoda grossa. A lot of them. And I believe they're aggressive toward the true widows. Hopefully together with the inevitable brown widow population growth, they don't compound the issue.



Yes thank you, this seems common- I guess I was just wondering if there was any anecdotal information on what seems to be "healthiest" for them. I've been having issues with crickets putting off a really bad smell after discarded- which I think I read in a prior post of yours that you might have experienced as well.

I'm thinking about creating an acrylic case that is taller than what is normally available. Maybe 2 feet worth of area to be webbed, then an additional 6" that can't be accessible for ease of maintenance/feeding without disturbing their silk. This way, I can increase the prey and play area, and potentially encourage some behavior not often directly seen. Thoughts?

Any true widow owners passing through- I'd love to see your enclosures.
20210810_195533.jpg 20201230_211901.jpg 20201207_204401.jpg 20201207_204531.jpg

Regarding crickets, that happens due to what they eat. In my case fish food.
I use the meal worm larva and it avoids that issue.
 

programmatic

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darkness975

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Thanks for the info on the crickets!

And wow, great idea for the enclosures. I assume those are rice/pasta containers? Looks great.

What did you do with the egg sacs? How long does it typically take till they're born?
Depends on the temperature. A month or more isn't unusual.
20210723_233901.jpg
 

The Snark

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And wow, great idea for the enclosures.
Take note of how @darkness975 maintains their enclosures. Minimalist, the sticks kept well away from the top, and regular maintenance. Down to an exacting science. Way too many people want the enclosures to be attractive well furnished displays. Latros have no use or interest in such frills.
 

programmatic

Arachnopeon
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Take note of how @darkness975 maintains their enclosures. Minimalist, the sticks kept well away from the top, and regular maintenance. Down to an exacting science. Way too many people want the enclosures to be attractive well furnished displays. Latros have no use or interest in such frills.
Erm, you probably wouldn't like to know that I've included rare sapphires, amethyst, topaz, garnet, apatite, and opals for their trapline anchor points then. I did give them well-placed sticks to create their canopy and main hideaway. And I do keep them away from the top in anticipation of more involved maintenance access, so as to avoid mangling their web too badly. I'm mainly feeding them through a "feeding port" tube that I've created/attached to the lid. This ensures minimal disturbance and food is chuted to exactly where it needs to be for their spidey senses to kick in.

Giving animals and people (even superfluous) gifts is my love language? ;x
 
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darkness975

Latrodectus
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Take note of how @darkness975 maintains their enclosures. Minimalist, the sticks kept well away from the top, and regular maintenance. Down to an exacting science. Way too many people want the enclosures to be attractive well furnished displays. Latros have no use or interest in such frills.
Thanks.

Keeping the lids clear is important for sure. Every once in a while one of them still manages to get up there but I clear them if they do.
 

The Snark

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Giving animals and people (even superfluous) gifts is my love language? .
As long as the animals health and contentment is top priority above all else, have at it.
 
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darkness975

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Another reason why I've been using meal worms almost exclusively for them is their recent irritating habit of not cutting the drained husks of the prey insects out of their webs. At least some of them.
They are so interwoven that I would have to destroy the entire web to get them out and I am loathe to do that.

At least the meal worm husks don't stink like crickets would.
 
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programmatic

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As long as the animals health and contentment is top priority above all else, have at it.
Yes, definitely trying to be as mindful as possible. Only chose rough stones that didn't have sharp edges. :)


Another reason why I've been using meal worms almost explosively for them is their recent irritating habit of not cutting the drained husks of the prey insects out of their webs. At least some of them.
They are so interwoven that I would have to destroy the entire web to get them out and I am loathe to do that.

At least the meal worm husks don't stink like crickets would.
I'm noticing this happening too, but fortunately no real issues picking them out yet.

Related, I do like crickets because I feel like there might be some minute benefit in having them remain primal/physically/mentally active. That is to say, occasionally having to track down their prey at the bottom portion of the traplines versus merely getting food served up on a silver platter in the middle of their web all the time. I started thinking about this because sometimes, despite the top-mounted chute system I have in place, crickets escape and then get detected at the trapline level later. A hunt ensues and something about this seems most natural to me? It makes me wonder if spiders benefit more/thrive from this natural exercise while in captivity? Am I overthinking it?
 

darkness975

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Yes, definitely trying to be as mindful as possible. Only chose rough stones that didn't have sharp edges. :)





I'm noticing this happening too, but fortunately no real issues picking them out yet.

Related, I do like crickets because I feel like there might be some minute benefit in having them remain primal/physically/mentally active. That is to say, occasionally having to track down their prey at the bottom portion of the traplines versus merely getting food served up on a silver platter in the middle of their web all the time. I started thinking about this because sometimes, despite the top-mounted chute system I have in place, crickets escape and then get detected at the trapline level later. A hunt ensues and something about this seems most natural to me? It makes me wonder if spiders benefit more/thrive from this natural exercise while in captivity? Am I overthinking it?
Not all of mine have laid the traplines the way they should. Thus if they are not quick enough to act and the cricket escapes it will run around the enclosure and not be caught.

A couple of my current collection are active hunters and will indeed chase the prey around if they escape. But the rest seem to be more "domesticated" and are really lazy. I have no doubt if I starved them long enough their natural instincts would kick in and they would step up their game. But without properly formed trip lines it's hard to say how successful they would be.

In the wild they are very aggressive once they snag something and are capable of taking down prey many times their size and weight.

 
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darkness975

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There must be tons of them running around. Did they start eliminating themselves yet ?
Yes. Of all of them that hatched out of the two sacs in the first container only a small handful are left alive.
 
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